“Don’t train muscles, train motions.” – Vern Gambetta

Simply not possible.

Ultimately, motion is produced via an inequality in opposing torques. In the case of exercise, the net is determined by the muscular torque vs. resistance torque at each and every individual joint involved/loaded… regardless of whether each is moving or not. Therefore, human motion is internal force production in response to external force application (and intention, which can alter the resultant, and even the source of resistance).

So, motion is produced by the orchestration of motor recruitment, i.e. the organization of contractions. The direction of resistance determines which muscles are required at any point in the range. The amount of torque created by the resistance influences the required/changing tension production required at any point in the range of motion.

Regardless of the motion or motions performed, the tissue required to produce it will be determined solely by how that motion is loaded.

Shoulder abduction does not determine which tissues are utilized nor their roles/influences. If the direction of resistance is pulling upward like a cable from above, then the “adductors” are required eccentrically to perform (control) abduction! I.e., while they may play other roles, the abductors are not the movers challenged.

Performing shoulder flexion and elbow extension simultaneously does not determine the traditionally designated name for the exercise. It is named for the muscles utilized in response to the resistance direction. I.e., when performed in the same plane, a “press” and a “pull” are in fact the exact same motions. We change the name based upon the direction of resistance… and knowingly or unknowingly, the muscles required.

While Mr Gambetta generated an eloqent sound bite that thousands have repeated like a bible verse, it is in fact a ridiculous statement and an impossibility.